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The power load for a typical base station varies widely related to the type of site. Depending on the power load at peak and daily total consumption, amount of sun hours and wind conditions, will the optimized configuration vary.
The Off grid solution is based on the assumption that the batteries will be the main source of energy and the PV and wind turbines will charge the batteries continuously. If the site is not in a sufficient enough position for optional use of wind and sun jointly due to wind conditions and/or enough amounts of sun hours, it should be considered to also install a smaller fuel generator in order to cope with topping up the batteries when needed.
During the sunny hours of the day, the PV will handle the load of the complete site in total, and this is typically also the same period of the calendar day as the base stations total peak traffic occurs. During all days with winds above an average of 5-7 m/s (11-15,6 mph), the wind turbine will continuously charge the batteries in order to have sufficient power during windless occasions and cloudy days.
Typical power production from a PV array is 1000 Watts/m2 (~1 KWH per hour/ m2) and in countries that has sufficient amount of sun, they will typically offer 2-6 hours of power level indicated earlier on yearly basis, of course related to what country that is planned for. In areas with less favorable amount of sun hours it is recommended to also install support for tracking of the sun in order to improve the amount of useful sun power.
When looking at On grid scenarios, the main reason for considering wind power is as backup for unreliable power grids. The traditional way also in this case is typically to use diesel generators that will start as soon as the power shut off. Also in this case can wind be a strong candidate for replacing the diesel and then together with some batteries and an inverter. Depending on local condition of the grid, wind conditions and the required availability of the site, this will be the main factor for dimension.
Picture 1: A rural site in Southern Europe Picture 1: An Urban site in Turkey
